Of all the different kinds of phobias, specific phobias are the most prevalent. Specific phobias are what is typically shown on talk shows and movies where a person is terrified of something physical like a kitten or cars with dark interiors. There are countless ways that specific phobias can manifest themselves, but they can usually be eliminated or controlled fairly easily.
The vast majority of phobic fears, like fear of dogs, fear of needles, etc. are considered to be in a group of phobias called specific phobias. Specific phobias are usually what most people think of as being a phobia. Someone who suffers from a specific phobia will become extremely distressed if they are in the presence of, may be in the presence of, or even think about the thing that causes their phobic reaction, even if the cause of that reaction is something harmless like balloons. If you think this sounds silly, don’t worry, most phobia sufferers do too, but they cannot control their phobic behavior.
The five types of specific phobia are animal phobias, natural environment phobias, situational phobias, blood injection phobia, and other specific phobias. Phobias of animals are just being afraid of specific animals, while conversely phobias of the natural environment are actually fears of elements of concern of the natural environment, for instance heights or even thunderstorms. Situational phobias are fears of a scenario that are perceived to be dreadful, like going to the doctor or being trapped in a small space. Blood injection phobias are the fear of needles, blood, or medical procedures, and although all phobias make people feel like they might pass out, blood injection phobias are the only phobias that will actually make someone pass out. There is also an ‘other subset that is for phobias which are set aside for phobias that don’t fit in a totally into the additional four groups.
Although there is no surefire way to cure every case of phobia, treatment for specific phobias focuses on making a person confront their fear. This method works because the phobia is an irrational reaction and their brain sees something as a greater threat than it is. By exposing oneself to the phobic trigger and replacing the phobic response with a controlled response, they break the link in their brain between the trigger and danger. Sometimes medication can help reduce the anxiety associated with severe specific phobias, but medication is used much more commonly with other types of phobias.
Although it would seem like the few phobias that are not specific phobias would be very distinct, they are often misdiagnosed as specific phobia. They are misdiagnosed because the other types of phobias, social phobia and agoraphobia, are actually very similar to certain specific phobias. Agoraphobia means ‘fear of the marketplace’ and seems very similar to a situational phobia, especially since Agoraphobic people will often have a panic attack if they cannot easily leave someplace, but the fear is of the panic attack, not being trapped. If you think you have a phobia, speak with a psychologist before you begin trying to find a cure.
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